equiano essays

equiano papers In The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano composed without anyone else, Equiano starts his story in the straightforward, yet energetic voice that conveys the peruser for the duration of his biography. He makes his arrangements altogether clear, he means his story to open the world's eyes to the debasement and savagery of bondage. However he knows, as well, that only proclaiming of generosity towards Africans would not stop people in their tracks. He should show legitimately the incongruity that those naming others brutes were the savage ones themselves. His seriously close to home story, with itemized portrayals of what he saw unfeeling or on the other hand customary and of how one African managed constrained experiences with various grounds and societies, was what it would take for Englishmen to relate and in this way to comprehend. We are going to take a gander at who Equianos crowd was and how he attempted to arrive at these specific Equaino composes his account in a legitimate and casual structure, as though he is composing to somebody that he knows well. The crowd in any case, is by all accounts the individuals of the Americas just as Europe, not simply different blacks or slaves. Therefore the book is distributed in America just as Europe a few times while Equiano is as yet living. In the account, Equiano endeavors to recount to his story with a reasonable and exact authentic tone. By doing this he can pick up his perusers trust as a fair-minded history specialist, calling for fundamental activity, instead of an irate slave attempting to settle the score with the slaveholders. For Equiano, remaining in England implied moving in the direction of his objectives through British culture. This is the means by which his Interesting Narrative picked up the structure it has. With Equiano's reformative aim for the novel, his confounding mix of culture and childhood, and the target group to hear his reformative cry, his most solid option to contact this crowd was for the most part by implies with which they were fami ... <!

To Grade Or Not To Grade, That Is The Problem Essays (1786 words)

To Grade or Not to Grade, That is the Problem - What's your GPA (Grade Point Average)? - Have you taken this course previously? What did you get? In his exposition The Farce Called Reviewing, Arthur E. Lean inquiries the utilization of posing to these sorts of inquiries. Evaluations have become some portion of our lives as understudies. Individuals need an evaluating framework and appear to accept it to be essential and natural for the procedure of formal education(Lean 131). He alludes to the evaluation as an image implying to communicate an estimation of scholastic accomplishment an assessment of the quality and amount of learning(Lean 132). There are two principle contentions Lean has recommended. In the first place, there is an irregularity from the graders. Second, he considers the to be framework as being out of line and even destructive for understudies' mentalities toward instruction. He calls attention to that evaluating framework ought to be killed. To reinforcement the way that numerous individuals are testing the need of the reviewing framework, Lean gives two models: A continued exertion ought to be made to toss out bogus instigations to learning. Somehow the vast majority of these allude to our fixation on grades?. As a framework for assessing achievement of expansive instructive points, it stays a disappointment. Hardly any instructors have any precise thought of how to review decently. Reviewing is likewise the main miscreant behind the embarrassment of school cheating, said Louis T. Benezet (Lean 130). I have quite a while in the past arrived at the resolution that the stamping framework itself is harming in its effect on the instruction of our kids and youth, and that it ought to go the method of the hickory stick and dullard tops. It ought to be relinquished at all degrees of instruction, said Ernest O. Melby (Lean 130). I concur with Lean somewhat that there are a few irregularities from the graders and maybe some injustice happened to numerous understudies. Then again, I don't know that the framework is absolutely hurtful for understudies' perspectives toward training. Likewise, given the way that the reviewing framework is a helpful instrument for both inspiring and estimating understudies' scholarly capacities, the framework is as yet basic to be kept. There is an irregularity between markers for evaluating research projects or open inquiries that I concur with Lean. On his case of a few educators denoting a similar paper, perpetually the appointed evaluations on a similar subject went all the route from A (magnificent) to E (disappointment) (Lean 132). Albeit numerous teachers may state that perspective would not be evaluated while they make an effort not to predisposition, there is no assurance that an educator would not give a lower imprint to a paper since s/he may differ with certain pieces of the exposition. As a previous English class understudy in grade 12, I notice that my instructor would in general be prejudicing on non-local English scholars' papers. I said that because since there is a major evaluation contrast if our papers were set apart by another who had not met the journalists previously. A proficient marker who was employed by the English office reviewed one of our research projects each term. By and large, the non-local English scholars got essentially better grades than th! ey do when our class educator is stamping. The normal differential imprints for non-local English are around ten percent. With respect to local English author, the differential imprints are not without question. The facts confirm that the reviewing framework can barely be totally reasonable. As a matter of fact, most educators attempt to be reasonable and precise in their gauge (Lean 133). One instructor who reviews a work precisely doesn't propose that different educators would do likewise. Anyway Lean cases that all the time they know- - in any event, the individuals who are straightforward with themselves realize that they are endeavoring the unimaginable. No self-regarding educator ever rests calmly the night in the wake of turning in a lot of evaluations, for he realizes that the framework has made a con artist of him and he hits the hay and despising himself for it (Lean 133). I don't concur with the manner in which Lean is scrutinizing the educators since their job is to go about as a judge on understudy's work. There is a distinction between being unjustifiable and adjusting with the framework. An educator who gives the best reasonable evaluation to a task is by and large reasonable. What Lean proposes is that educators don't endeavor to change the evaluating framework. Lean is being unjustifiable to the educators! along these lines in light of the fact that an educator's

AP English Language Essay Question 2-Sample Questions - Who Needs Your Money?

AP English Language Essay Question 2-Sample Questions - Who Needs Your Money?The AP English Language essay question 2 is interesting. It asks a student to identify a specific situation that proves the existence of evidence to back the assertion that if we really want to eliminate poverty, we should care about the needs of poor people in the world. Of course, this means that we should have more compassion for those in poverty rather than simply sending them money from our pockets.But why do students think this way? Why does AP English Language grantees teach students that there is some kind of government mandate to solve poverty, as if poverty is some kind of moral failing that can be eradicated if we 'spend our money' on developing nations?For one thing, it's not. The United States government does not encourage the United Nations to use its aid money to solve the problems of the third world. The United States government does not give the United Nations any money to help fight poverty . The United States government just gives the United Nations its priorities.Well, so what? If we donate money to needy countries, then the U.N. has to find a way to spend the money in a way that improves the lives of the citizens of these poor countries. And the better part of what the United States government would like to accomplish would be to end poverty.I mean, if we're all just doing this because we want to help these people 'suffer,' then we're still doing something wrong. Perhaps we should do it because we have a moral obligation to do so.It seems like many of the English language teachers who write these kinds of questions have never met a poor person who has no skills other than resources. They simply cannot grasp the hardship that poor people face and cannot help but think of how they could alleviate it if only the government would give them some kind of responsibility to save humanity.In other words, many of the AP English Language essay question 2 sample questions attem pt to give students an incorrect understanding of poverty. In fact, the author of the sample question, Mary Ann Kovach, specifically suggests that you 'understand poverty' by getting your students to read an article by journalist David Kirby. Here's the problem with this approach.According to David Kirby, poverty is a result of gross mismanagement of resources. It is a lack of education. It is not solely the result of waste. I don't know why AP English Language grants think that children would be better served by reading material that suggests that these problems are caused by 'spend.'

The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1083 Words

The Scarlet Letter Essay The inner workings of human nature are evident through the centuries of conflict between people: differences in opinion with an implausible mortality rate. The Civil War, one of the greatest dissensions in the United States’ history, was ultimately based on the Confederacy’s desire to have institutionalized superiority over African Americans, demonstrated by the humiliation and degradation of slaves. The Union’s challenge to this colossal racial injustice was taken by the South as an assault to their pride and entitlement to power, sparking a war that vastly altered the history of the United States. This concept dates much further back than the Civil War, demonstrated by Nathaniel Hawthorne’s profound novel, The Scarlet Letter. Hester Prynne’s infamous affair brought about the punishment that essentially led to a redistribution of power in the Puritan town. Though Hester was the only known perpetrator, the punishment given to her by the close-m inded townspeople was not the only instance. Dimmesdale’s weakness was primarily brought on by both himself and his unusual residence with Roger Chillingworth. Punishment ultimately induces the demise of one of the rivals involved. Confined by harsh judgement and strict norms, Hester’s indefinite donning of the Scarlet Letter was a source of empowerment for the townspeople. Throughout the intricate plot of the novel, Hester’s scandalous past was always lurking in the background. Very much aware of theShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1242 Words   |  5 PagesLYS PAUL Modern Literature Ms. Gordon The Scarlet Letter The scarlet letter is book written by Nathaniel Hawthorne who is known as one the most studied writers because of his use of allegory and symbolism. He was born on July 4, 1804 in the family of Nathaniel, his father, and Elizabeth Clark Hathorne his mother. Nathaniel added â€Å"W† to his name to distance himself from the side of the family. His father Nathaniel, was a sea captain, and died in 1808 with a yellow fever while at sea. That was aRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne960 Words   |  4 Pages3H 13 August 2014 The novel, The Scarlet Letter, was written by the author Nathaniel Hawthorne and was published in 1850 (1). It is a story about the Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, set around 1650 (2). The story is written in the third person with the narrator being the author. The common thread that runs through this novel is Hawthorne’s apparent understanding of the beliefs and culture of the Puritans in America at that time. But Hawthorne is writing about events in a societyRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne919 Words   |  4 Pagessymbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Symbolism is when an object is used in place of a different object. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most symbolic writers in all of American history. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the letter â€Å"A† is used to symbolize a variety of different concepts. The three major symbolistic ideas that the letter â€Å"A† represents in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† are; shame, guilt, and ability. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the firstRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1397 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2016 The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 which is based on the time frame of the Puritans, a religious group who arrived in Massachusetts in the 1630’s. The Puritans were in a religious period that was known for the strict social norms in which lead to the intolerance of different lifestyles. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the puritan’s strict lifestyles to relate to the universal issues among us. The time frame of the puritans resulted in Hawthorne eventually thinkingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne999 Words   |  4 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne is the author of the prodigious book entitled The Scarlet Letter. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne commits adultery with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Her husband, Roger Chillingworth, soon finds out about the incident after it becomes clear that she is pregnant. The whole town finds out and Hester is tried and punished. Meanwhile, Roger Chillingworth goes out then on a mission to get revenge by becoming a doctor and misprescribing Dimmesdale. He does this to torture DimmesdaleRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthat human nature knows right from wrong, but is naturally evil and that no man is entirely â€Å"good†. Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of the classic novel The Scarlet Letter, believes that every man is innately good and Hawthorne shows that everyone has a natural good side by Hester’s complex character, Chillingworth’s actions and Dimmesdale’s selfless personality. At the beginning of the Scarlet Letter Hester Prynne is labeled as the â€Å"bad guy†. The townspeople demand the other adulterer’s name, butRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1517 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne composes Pearl as a powerful character even though she is not the main one. Her actions not only represent what she is as a person, but what other characters are and what their actions are. Hawthorne makes Pearl the character that helps readers understand what the other characters are. She fits perfectly into every scene she is mentioned in because of the way her identity and personality is. Pearl grows throughout the book, which in the end, help the readers better understandRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1488 Words   |  6 Pages In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the main character, Hester Prynne, is a true contemporary of the modern era, being cast into 17th century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts. The Scarlet Letter is a revolutionary novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne examining the ugliness, complexity, and strength of the human spirit and character that shares new ideas about independence and the struggles women faced in 17th century America. Throughout the novel, Hester’s refusal to remove the scarlet letterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1319 Words   |  6 PagesPrynne and Arthur Dimmesdale are subject to this very notion in Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter. Hester simply accepted that what she had done was wrong, whereas Dimmesdale, being a man of high regard, did not want to accept the reality of what he did. Similar to Hester and Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth allows his emotions to influence his life; however, his influence came as the result of hi s anger. Throughout the book, Hawthorne documents how Dimmesdale and Hester s different ways of dealingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1714 Words   |  7 PagesSome two hundred years following the course of events in the infamous and rigid Puritan Massachusetts Colony in the 1600s, Nathaniel Hawthorne, descendant of a Puritan magistrate, in the 19th century, published The Scarlet Letter. Wherein such work, Hawthorne offered a social critique against 17th Massachusetts through the use of complex and dynamic characters and literary Romanticism to shed light on said society’s inherent contradiction to natural order and natural law. In his conclusive statements

Essay on Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter

Sigmund Freud, creator of the Freudian psychoanalysis, once said about hypocrisy, â€Å"He does not believe that does not live according to his belief.† This is essentially Freud’s loose definition of hypocrisy, a term that the Oxford English Dictionary defines as â€Å"the practice of claiming to have moral standards or beliefs to which one’s own behavior does not conform.† In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the characters’ hypocrisy represents the pervasiveness of hypocrisy in all people. Hypocrisy is evident in all of The Scarlet Letter’s main characters: Hester, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth, the town of Boston, and Pearl. One of the main characters in the novel, Hester, shows the pervasiveness of hypocrisy with her own hidden†¦show more content†¦Hawthorne uses Hester’s hypocrisy to show us that hypocrisy can be hidden even in those who it is unexpected in, and in doing so he suggests that hypocrisy may be more pervasive than we think and can see. . In addition to Hester, Hawthorne uses Dimmesdale, another of his main characters in to represent an aspect of hypocrisy. Specifically, Dimmesdale represents the difficulty of shaking off hypocrisy, and brings the conclusion that hypocrisy lingers because it is so difficult to fix. Dimmesdale’s hypocrisy arises from his position as a minister even after his adulterous act. Dimmesdale even admits to feeling morally unclean and question what his â€Å"polluted soul [can do] towards their purification,† (131). In spite of his feelings, Dimmesdale cannot force himself to confess his sins and come clean to the town. The fact that Dimmesdale cannot act against what he believes to be instinctively wrong, sinful, and potentially harmful to others shows us that hypocrisy difficult to change. Dimmesdale’s inability to face the consequences and change his hypocritical stance shows us that hypocrisy can be a nearly permanent fixture. It also raises a key question: how can hy pocrisy not be pervasive if we can’t shake it off easily? The simple answer is that hypocrisy must be pervasive because it lingers and can’t be removed. This implies anyone who has been hypocritical, which is about everyone, is stillShow MoreRelatedIn Nathaniel HawthorneS The Scarlet Letter, There Are948 Words   |  4 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter, there are many important scenes. But there are five scenes that stood out and pushed the plot forward. This includes Hester walking out of the prison, Chillingworth finds out about Dimmesdale’s scarlet letter, and Dimmesdale stands on the scaffold with Hester and Pearl. The final two being Hester meeting Dimmesdale in the forest and the Dimmesdale confessing his sin. These scenes are the key points in his novel. The first major scene in Hawthorne’s TheRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne’s Diction of the Scarlet Letter952 Words   |  4 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s Diction of The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne presents the reader with the harsh, life changing conflicts of three Puritan characters during the 17th century. Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Robert Chillingworth must endure their different, yet surprisingly similar struggles as the novel progresses. Despite their similarities, Hawthorne shows these individuals deal with their conflicts differently, and in the end, only one prevails. NathanielRead MoreNathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Essays798 Words   |  4 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne was an American writer in the 1800s. He had many works of Romanticism, most being inspired by Puritan New England. One of these is The Scarlet Letter, which he wrote based on the Puritan era. Puritans had a series of beliefs including: the will of God explains all natural phenomena, God chooses who becomes one of the elect, and ministers and church members control and made up the government. Hawthorn does include examples of Romanticism as the story goes on, but this novelRead MoreA Perception of Sin: Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter871 Words   |  4 Pagesof history, those who were considered sinners were often out casted from the society. This is much the case with Hester Prynne in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter. After a public trial, Hester is considered a sinner due to her birthing of a so called â€Å"devil child†. Hester is convicted to the life long bearing of a scarlet letter on her chest. The Scarlet Letter that Hester Prynne wears symbolizes the change in perception of sin through out the novel. Due to the revelations of the governorRead More Symbols and Symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter1157 Words   |  5 PagesSymbols in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚   In nearly every work of literature, readers can find symbols that represent feelings, thoughts or ideas within the text.   Such symbols can be found in The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne.   Hawthornes book about an affair between a woman named Hester and a minister named Arthur Dimmmesdale is full of feelings of sin, guilt, hate, secrecy, and honesty.   There are many symbols within the novel that can be interpreted to represent the key topicsRead MoreConflict in Nathaniel Hawthornes the Scarlet Letter Essay996 Words   |  4 PagesConflict in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter Conflict can take on many forms in one’s life, such as conflict with self, with society, with religion and with others. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, develops the theme of conflict through the moral sin of Hester Prynne. Conflict is observed through Hester’s difficulties with the townspeople, challenges with the Puritan way of life, struggles with herself and tensions with Roger Chillingworth. Committing sin in the Puritan societyRead MoreVerbal Irony In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter741 Words   |  3 Pagesdownward upon his fearful client. Wait, a crooked toothed dentist? Ironic, isn’t it. Irony is a clever literary device that many authors use to make the audience stop and ponder what has been said, emphasize a central topic or idea, or do both. Nathaniel Hawthorne, being the exceptional author that he is,uses each of the three types of irony, verbal, dramatic, and situational, to affirm his simple truth, â€Å"Be true! Be true! Be true!† throughout his novel. This chair is as comfortable as sittingRead More Justice Explored in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter1043 Words   |  5 Pages Justice Explored in The Scarlet Letter nbsp; Nathaniel Hawthorne created themes in The Scarlet Letter just as significant as the obvious ideas pertaining to sin and Puritan society. Roger Chillingworth is a character through which one of these themes resonates, and a character that is often underplayed in analysis. His weakness and path of destruction of himself and others are summed up in one of Chillingworths last sentences in the novel, to Arthur Dimmesdale: Hadst thou sought the wholeRead More The Mysterious Forest in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter1011 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mysterious Forest in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, life is centered around a rigid Puritan society. In this society, people are not allowed to express their true thoughts and feelings. Every human being needs the opportunity to express how they truly feel; otherwise the emotions become bottled up until they begin to hurt the person. Unfortunately, the puritans were not allowed this type of expression. Luckily, at least for the fourRead MoreRomanticism And Transcendentalism In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter956 Words   |  4 Pages The Scarlet Letter - Research Paper Nathaniel Hawthorne is 19th-century author whose works were primarily classified as romanticism and transcendentalism. His works held many controversial elements for his time including the extensive use of feminist principles. Many of Hawthornes novels depict a different viewpoint on the defiance towards misogyny and patriarchal ways. The Scarlet Letter furthermore enhances these elements. Hawthorne’s novel, The Scarlet Letter, portrays the many elements of feminism

Definition Of Clinical Governance And Accountability

Introduction: Within this assignment, the definition of clinical governance and accountability will be explored and discussed using a literature search. A case example will be used and briefly discuss the accountability of the nurse and other health professionals of professional standards, local polices and law. Confidentiality has been maintained within the use of the case example. A literature search was carried out for clinical governance using the British Nursing Index (BNI). Results originated from 9,616 when ‘Clinical Governance’ was inputted. Results reduced significantly when ‘definition of clinical governance’ was inputted to 1,278 into the BNI titles were read, before articles were chosen for abstracts to be read. After abstracts were read, if appropriate the full articles were read (see appendices 1). Clinical governance was first introduced by the World Health Organisation (WHO) (Som, 2009) . Som, (2004) definition of clinical governance focuses on Managing systems to improve outcomes of health-care service delivery, the WHO (1998) definition also focuses on improving health care services but additionally focuses on professional performance, resource allocation risk management and patient satisfaction. Department of Health (DoH) (1998) has described clinical governance as a framework which focuses on accountability of health care services to improve services. Scally and Donaldson (1998) used the same definition in 1998. A contemporary definition from NutbeamShow MoreRelatedThe Principles And Patterns Of Clinical Governance913 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In the United Kingdom, the concept of clinical governance was first published in the document â€Å"The New NHS: Modern, Dependable† (Department of Health, 1997).From the beginning until today, there are multiple different approaches and variety of definitions related to clinical governance. This report seeks to critically evaluate some of the principles and patterns regarding to clinical governance. Policies of Clinical Governance â€Å"Clinical Governance describes the structure processes and cultureRead MoreNurse Roles And Impact Of Nursing767 Words   |  4 PagesChief suites (C-suites). Therefore, as nurse leaders move from clinical units to the boardrooms, their imprints leave a mark to all nurses reporting to them. In 2010, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, â€Å"The Future of Nursing,† discusses vital concepts on nursing leaderships. As based from the same report, three fundamental concepts of how the roles of Chief Nurse Officers impact nurses can be identified - Executive Role Definitions, Expertise and Knowledge Transformation, and Leadership RepresentationRead MoreData Quality Management : The Business Processes That Ensure The Integrity Of An Organization Essay971 Words   |  4 Pagesfollowing initiatives are a step in the right direction for data exchange and interoperability: †¢ Continuity of Care Document (CCD), Clinical Documentation Architecture (CDA) †¢ Data Elements for Emergency Department Systems (DEEDS) †¢ Uniform Hospital Discharge Data Set (UHDDS) †¢ Minimum Data Set (MDS) for long-term care †¢ ICD-10-CM/PCS, Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine—Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT), Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC). Data Quality Measurement: A quality measure is aRead MoreNursing Standard Principl1326 Words   |  6 Pagesand science section contact: Gwen Clarke, art and science editor, Nursing Standard, The Heights, 59-65 Lowlands Road, Harrow-on-the-Hill, Middlesex HA1 3AW. email: gwen.clarke@rcnpublishing.co.uk Accountability and responsibility: Principle of Nursing Practice B Scrivener R et al (2011) Accountability and responsibility: Principle of Nursing Practice B. Nursing Standard. 25, 29, 35-36. Date of acceptance: January 20 2011. Summary This is the third article in a nine-part series describing the PrinciplesRead MorePublic Health Policy : Minor Injuries From Traffic Collisions1651 Words   |  7 Pagestreatment can affect the health of all drivers, passengers, and pedestrians with minor traffic injuries in Ontario. The purpose of this paper is to describe the leading policy problems around the current Minor Injury Guideline in Ontario and the related governance structures and legislative frameworks. The paper will also detail previous policy changes leading up to the consideration for policy change in this area. Description of Public Health Policy Area and Leading Policy Problems Minor injuries fromRead MoreReflection Paper On Inter Professional Collaboration951 Words   |  4 Pagesbetter care to patients. I will try to examine some benefits and opportunities, while identifying the barriers and issues to effective collaborative work between employees. Throughout my essay I will be using LEARN format for better reflection on my clinical practice, my thoughts and feeling. As a nursing student in Early Identification team which is focused on maternal and children’s health, I will discuss my experience as being a part of this team. Look back During my last year of nursing program,Read MoreSome Terms of Healthcare Information Systems951 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Care Information Systems Terms Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act - The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was enacted August 21, 1996 by President Bill Clinton. This Act provides healthcare for workers when they leave one employer to join another in addition to regulating healthcare providers and the plans they provide to consumers and businesses. This Act was revolutionary at the time as it confronted the issue of pre-existing conditions. HIPAARead MoreThe Link Between Patient Revenue Cycle Management1555 Words   |  7 PagesFor these entities their missions, governance and leadership may look vastly different than their for-profit counterparts. The management of an organization’s finances to fulfill its objectives is a useful if not simple definition of financial management that is easy to understand. The complexity in comprehending what financial management really means, in a practical sense, comes as a more through exploration of the myriad components inherent in this definition are considered. Efficiency of financialRead MoreHealthcare Law And Information Technology1968 Words   |  8 Pagesaccelerated in subsequent decades which gave a standard programming language to clinical applications. Today, the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) oversees member organizations involved in health informatics worldwide. (Rouse, 2010). The potential for health IT to enhance the safety of health care delivery has been regarded for quite a long time. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act, enacted as part of the American Recovery and ReinvestmentRead MoreInformation Management/Information Technology Analysis.1462 Words   |  6 PagesThese care applications hold huge amounts of patient’s information including orders, allergies, treatments, medications, diagnostic and laboratory tests. It also holds the general patient care information. There are also financial data, demographics, clinical documentation and problem lists. Capabilities Standard patient care applications are capable supporting the delivery of quality care to individual patients through the availability of their accurate respective information. They provide self-monitoring

My Family in a Drive-Through free essay sample

My family must be an interesting sight whenever we go to a drive-through. The front of our car always ends up beyond the intercom so that, from my seat in the back of the vehicle, I can order 3 whoppers, a double cheeseburger, and an extra-large fry please. This sentence says a lot about my family besides pointing out that we are big time fast food connoisseurs. The true significance of this phrase lies in the fact that I do the ordering in my family. My mom and dad used to place the orders but became frustrated upon not receiving our food the way it was requested. The problem lies in their accents. Having both immigrated to the United States in their early twenties, my father from Yemen and my mother from the Philippines, their English skills are less than perfect and they pronounce words differently from what is considered normal. Through the years, I have had to act as a spokesperson for my family in drive-throughs and in any other situation where there was a desire to minimize th e impact of accented messages. We will write a custom essay sample on My Family in a Drive-Through or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although many would think that growing up with parents that have below par English skills would be a disadvantage, I believe that this has been of great benefit to me. Throughout my educational career, I took the imitative when ever I had a grammar related question instead of running to my parents. I often found myself relying on myself for answers and I figured that, if I could improve my own writing skills, I would be able to pass along this knowledge to my parents. Besides taking all the AP courses my school offers for English, I have challenged myself by participated in Be Opinionated, Solano Countys teen writing program, and winning grand prize. I am also a member of the LIP Board, a group of local high school journalists who write stories, opinion columns and reviews for the Contra Costa Times. Being on the LIP Board helped confirm that my true passion is journalism. Acting as a representative for my family, however, has always given me the opportunity to rehearse what I desir e to do in the future. Though the action seems small, I am actually doing much more than placing an order at a restaurant when I speak into McDonalds microphone. I am giving a voice to people that normally would not have a way to communicate their needs or requests. Drive-throughs were created to make life more convenient and, in my case, they have done just that. Communicating with my family and reporting what we want to eat will make it easier for me to transition into reporting news in an eloquent manner.

Fire Department Review Essay Example

Fire Department Review Paper Essay on Fire Department Fire Fakultet- is the first book in the series Craft Russian writer Alex Kosh. This book is often compared to Harry Potter J. Rowling, that to some extent is true given that some aspects of the cycle is really similar. . However, if Harry Potter was originally intended primarily for an audience of children, the Craft will appeal more to an adult reader The book tells about elirskoy Empire small in its territory, with only one sea port and small in the number of the army. However, elirskie land represent a real treasure to which his eye adjacent Shatersky Caliphate. What is so attractive and valuable to be found on this earth? So that in the center of the imperial capital, Lita, rises semidesyatietazhnaya Academy Tower crafts the only place where the train most of these wizards, which are the mainstay of the Empire By chance, a young man appears among the students of the academy by the name! Zachary, whose magical abilities are almost zero. Zachary the golden boy, in the literal sense of the word. As a representative of the highest aristocracy, he wears exclusively of gold fabric. However, after passing the entrance test has to Zachery change clothes on the yellow, but not common, and refractory! From now on he was a disciple of Fire faculty We will write a custom essay sample on Fire Department Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Fire Department Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Fire Department Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer At the Academy walls and unfolding adventure novel. And for this reason, consciously or not, there is a comparison with the first book of JK Rowling. Totally unexpected arrival in the magic school, meeting new friends, mockery dislikes Zachary teachers and enemies, detective intrigue as there are in this book. Well, needless to say, welcome to the second year in the Hogvar Academy to be continued Thats just the events described in the book are different from the Potter that are written in a different way, such as adult, whether. Here there is a love line, which gives the atmosphere a little romance novel. Special attention is given a world created by the author. Here and people-centenarians, and trolls, and druids, and tenderly beloved by readers vampires, including those not afraid of sunlight (which has recently become fashionable). Fancy Technomagic games over time, prophetic dreams complete fantasy. Of course, this cocktail is inevitable plot inconsistencies, but if you do not pay attention to the little things the book was quite amusing.

How Do You Calculate ACT Score Raw and Scaled

How Do You Calculate ACT Score Raw and Scaled SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The ACT is scored on a scale of 36. How do you end up with a composite score from 0-36 when you answer a lot more than 36 questions? In this article, I'll walk you through the three steps to calculate your ACT composite score: Calculate section raw scores Convert raw scores to scaled scores Average section scores to determine composite First, Calculate Your Raw Scores for Each Section To calculate the raw score, you simply need the number of questions answered correctly and the number of questions answered incorrectly. You get 1 point for each question answered correctly. You receive 0 points for each question answered incorrectly or each question that you skipped. The highest possible raw score for each section depends on the total number of questions asked.Unlike the SAT, the ACT does not penalize you for wrong answers. For example, in the Reading sections, there are always 4 passages with a total of 40 multiple-choice questions, so the highest possible raw score is 40.If you got all 40 questions right, your raw score would be 40.If you got 19 questions wrong and 21 questions right, your raw score would be 21.In the Math sections, there are 60 multiple-choice questions, so the highest possible raw score is 60.In English, there are 75 multiple-choice questions, so the highest possible raw score is 75. In Science, there are 40multiple-choice questions, so thehighest possible raw score is40. For Writing, you write one essay, which is graded on a scale of 1-36.Your ACT Essay score does not count towards your composite ACT score, so I will not be talking about it further in this article.If you want more information, then read ACT Writing Rubric: Full Analysis and Essay Strategies. Then, Convert Your Raw Scores to Scaled Scores Your section raw scores are converted into scaled scores (on the 0 to 36 scale for each section) using a table.This table changes for every ACT test date. The reason the table changes is to ensure each test is â€Å"standardized.† The table is used to equate â€Å"easier† ACT tests to the â€Å"harder† ACT tests.For this reason, on one test date,if you get a raw score of 39 in Science (by answering one question incorrectly or skipping one question), your scaled score in Science may drop to a 34.However, on another day, the conversion from raw to scaled score may be more lenient, and a raw score of 39 in Science may be a perfect 36 scaled Science score. You will not know what the raw to scaled score conversion will be in advance.While the exact raw to scaled score conversion will vary by testing date, the ACT shared the below table in the Preparing for the ACT guide as an example: Scale Score English Math Reading Science Scale Score 36 75 60 40 40 36 35 72-74 58-59 39 39 35 34 71 57 38 38 34 33 70 55-56 37 37 33 32 68-69 54 35-36 - 32 31 67 52-53 34 36 31 30 66 50-51 33 35 30 29 65 48-49 32 34 29 28 63-64 45-47 31 33 28 27 62 43-44 30 32 27 26 60-61 40-42 29 30-31 26 25 58-59 38-39 28 28-29 25 24 56-57 36-37 27 26-27 24 23 53-55 34-35 25-26 24-25 23 22 51-52 32-33 24 22-23 22 21 48-50 30-31 22-23 21 21 20 45-47 29 21 19-20 20 19 43-44 27-28 19-20 17-18 19 18 41-42 24-26 18 16 18 17 39-40 21-23 17 14-15 17 16 36-38 17-20 15-16 13 16 15 32-35 13-16 14 12 15 14 29-31 -12 12-13 14 13 27-28 8-10 10 13 12 25-26 7 9-10 9 12 23-24 5-6 8 8 10 20-22 4 6-7 7 10 9 18-19 - - 5-6 9 8 15-17 3 5 - 8 7 12-14 - 4 4 7 6 10- 2 3 3 6 5 8-9 - - 2 5 4 6-7 1 2 - 4 3 4-5 - - 1 3 2 2-3 - 1 - 2 1 0-1 0 0 0 1 Again, however, remember that the exact conversion varies by test date. Finally, Take the Scaled Scores for Each Section and Average Them to Get Your ACT Composite Score Once you have your scaled scores for the individual sections, you just add them together and divide by 4 to get your overall SAT composite score.For example, if you scored a 33 in Math, 35 in Critical Reading, 31 in English, and 30 in Science, your composite score would simply be (33+35+31+30)/4=32.25, which rounds to 32. NOTE: Currently, the English score (NOT the English/Language Arts score) is used to calculate your composite ACT score. What This Means for You Once you figure out what your target raw ACT scoreshould be, you can use that numberto determine your ACT test strategy.You can use your target raw score to figure out how many questions you can skip or answer incorrectly. If you are struggling to finish each section on time, consider spending more time on other questions and bubbling in random letters for the questions you couldn't answer. Always try to bubble in an answer for every question since there is no penalty for guessing! What’s Next? Need help raising yourACT score? Check out guides to the ACT Reading, Math, English, and Science sections.Taking the ACT very soon? Read our guide to cramming for the test. Not sure where you want to go to college? Check out our guide to finding your target school.Also, figure out yourtarget ACT score. Thinking about getting a job while in high school? Check out our guide to the 8 best jobs for teensand learn how to find yours! Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Dora Seigel About the Author As an SAT/ACT tutor, Dora has guided many students to test prep success. She loves watching students succeed and is committed to helping you get there. Dora received a full-tuition merit based scholarship to University of Southern California. She graduated magna cum laude and scored in the 99th percentile on the ACT. She is also passionate about acting, writing, and photography. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Question 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Question 2 - Essay Example It is the interest which the insured stands to lose if the risk attaches. The risk that is therefore attached to every passenger in a public means of transport is varied to some extent (Soule, 1917 p. 210). The liability of Eastern Express’s insurance company on each of the individuals in this situation will depend on the interest that the train insured. Invariably, there are two or more parties who are always involved in an accident that occurs by a public means of transport. In this case, it is the train at fault. The insurance undertakes to pay compensation to the parties aggrieved by the accident on behalf of the driver or the company that insured the train. The insurance that such means of transport usually take among other things, provides insurance cover in respect of loss or damage that is suffered through damage of property or the death of the injury to any person resulting from an intentional or negligent act or omission by the operator or agents or servants of the o perator of the train in connection with the provisions of public passengers and transport services. Fred Fred has become permanently blind and his camera equipment, which he was transporting with him, was destroyed. While it is true that the eye sight of a film maker is essential to his job, this cannot be used as a basis to claim, future or anticipated loss of income. Fred had not yet made a deal with the television company, and it would therefore be had to calculate how much his income would have been. However, the insurance company will have to compensate him for the injuries that he has from the accident and the damage on his equipment. Albert Albert was 85 years old and suffering from terminal cancer. Even though Albert was already old and terminally ill, it would be evident that it was the accident that caused his death. However, given his age and his disease, the compensation would not be as much as for an individual who is still considered productive. His estate can only cla im compensation for the death that was caused by the accident. His age and state of health does not rule out the possibility and right to be compensated. Lydia Physically, she was unhurt but suffered Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, which stopped her working for a year, after which time she was only able to work part-time shop-assistant. However, Lydia has not been able to work as a result of her condition and would therefore require that her loss of income should be taken into consideration. If she settled her claim before the effects of her condition, she would not be in a position to renegotiate. Her circumstances are very unique and as such there would be several things to be considered, including her ability to continue with the job that she was doing before the accident. She also has a right to claim for emotional stress and the depression that her condition has impacted on her life. Cynthia Cynthia, a doctor in the next carriage, was also killed. She is at the prime of her age and has a good job. If it is proved that she is the breadwinner of her family, it would be paramount to compensate her estate relative the loss that the family has suffered. Moreover, she has a dependant, a daughter who is 15 years old whose circumstances have to be taken to consideration. As to the

Discuss artistic production during the Byzantine period Essay

Discuss artistic production during the Byzantine period - Essay Example The history of artistic production in the Byzantine period Arguably, artistic production denotes the creation of objects that viewers would perceive as significant or rather beautiful. Further, art highlights on the important factors prevailing in a certain community over a given period. During the Byzantine period, Emperor Constantine ruled the territory and enforced construction of Aelia Capitolina, which served as the main city after replacing the ruins of Jerusalem city (Nici 261). He emphasized that the whole empire needed to profess the Christian faith thus inhibiting the inhabitants from adapting or embracing any other religions presented in the kingdom. Fig. 1 Constantine Sculpture Therefore, Constantine served as a major stimulating factor towards the renowned artistic production in the empire as he ordered the building of some of the historically renowned churches in the Middle East (Richardson, Angeliki, and Kim 82). For instance, Constantine ordered for the building of th e Basilica church and other monuments around the city. Chronological accounts further present that the Byzantine society built the Rotunda during the reign of Emperor Constantine as an owner to his mother’s dreams about the tomb of Jesus Christ (Jeffreys 132). Further, the society had other numerous distinctive cultures that prevailed over several dynasties. Mainly, the building of streets marked the second largest and globally recognized cultural activity of the Byzantium dynasty. For instance, the building of the Cardo street and narrowing of the Roman-built streets such that the Byzantine streets intersected at the empires city square and extended perpendicularly to other worshipping sites in the North and South regions, and the East and West regions of the empire. Further, Constantine elevated numerous monuments along the streets that led to the worshipping centers to honor numerous biblical teachings (Onians 164). Therefore, it is sound to argue out that Byzantine art wa s a form of denoting Christian teachings and promoting the religion during the barbaric period. Further, the empire’s culture contributed to the recognition of the Renaissance period after the evasion of obstacles that focused on savoring the empire into rubbles. Some of the period’s most renowned artistic productions The empire’s artists were well known for their passion in the creation of monuments and mosaics for example, creation of â€Å"The Image of Christ of Pantocrator.† The artistic production is one of the most infamous mosaics of the Byzantine period, from the Hagia and Sophia in Constantinople period. Mainly, history assumes that most of the Christian paintings targeted to draw the involvement of Christianity in the region despite the threat of Muslim invaders who were apparently seeking to spread their religion across the Asian and European regions (Richardson, Angeliki, and Kim 85). Fig.2 the mosaic of Christ of Pantocrator Since the Constan tinople Empire toppled the Roman Empire, it did not readily produce its own art but continued to develop the Roman Empire’s arts. Mainly, the Byzantine art coincided with the Greek artwork since the predecessors had borrowed their artistic designs,

Entrepreneurship Essay Example for Free

Entrepreneurship Essay The public perception of entrepreneurs today is almost legendary. They seem to seamlessly start up small businesses and make them grow and develop themselves almost overnight to big successes. (Beaver, 2005) This essay will briefly cover the differences and similarities between managers, business owners and entrepreneurs. Differences and similarities between managers, owners and entrepreneurs Back in the 19th century being a businessman, in other words being an owner-manager, was not regarded a profession. These people were coordinators, arbitrators, innovators, interpreters of the market and risk-takers at the same time. The purpose of their activity ranged from interest from capital to profits for bearing the risk of operation. (Zaratiegui Rabade, 2005) However they required ownership of over 50 per cent of the shared capital to have control over the business. (Burns, 2007) From that early stage the traditional management as mentioned first in Henri Fayol’s General and Industrial Management in 1949 (in French, 1916) evolved which dominates our public perception still today. Here we notice a distinct separation between the owner, or the proprietor, of a business and the people those owners hire to get their business managed and administrated. (Fraja, 1996) Those managers are required to have certain capabilities, i.e. leading people and administrating operations, finance and resources. They are the ultimate authority in the organization and therefore responsible for the social, legal, environmental and ethical aspects of the company. An entrepreneur is not exactly the latest form of performing business activities as Joseph A. Schumpeter identified entrepreneurial entities already in 19341, however, the term got increasingly popular by the end of the 20th century. People like Steve Jobs, Sir Richard Branson or Mark Zuckerberg are just some of many famous entrepreneurs. The Oxford English Dictionary defines an entrepreneur as â€Å"a person who attempts to profit by risk and initiative†. Therefore Gartner, et al. (1992) suggest that an entrepreneur is both a manager and an owner, with a willingness to accept risk, uncertainty and an eagerness to exploit change and profit from market niches. What is even more striking is that entrepreneurs have a certain 1 â€Å"A person, ‘a contractor’ who coordinates, organizes and supervises (posses managerial skills) an enterprise with exceptional moral qualities, perseverance, and knowledge of the world and society’s needs.†- Schumpeter, 1934 Similarities and differences between a manager, a business owner and an entrepreneur By Henry Amm set of skills that is superior to that of a manger in terms of productivity and profitability. Typical entrepreneurial capabilities comprise features such as investigating opportunities, believing in innovation, and strategic planning upon the latest developments on the market. (Piperopoulos, 2011) Any manager can behave in a more entrepreneurial way, if he or she is aware of the individual effectiveness. This can ray out more confidence towards customers, investors or subordinates and therefore increase productivity and profitability. (Piperopoulos, 2011) Research has shown that entrepreneurs and managers might have different goals and working styles. (Stewart, et al., 1999) But even though everyone has different working preferences, the literature suggests that being an entrepreneur can be learned, especially regarding the way entrepreneurs work on tasks and complete them. What the typical manager can copy from an entrepreneur is his personal organization and interpersonal interaction. (Piperopoulos, 2011) Burns (2007) notes that owner-managers, entrepreneurs and managers can be distinguished by their character traits and the type of business they run. An owner-manager typically has a high need for independence and achievement and an ability to live with uncertainty and measured risks. Therefore he often runs a lifestyle firm that is based on trade or craft which, however, will not grow to any considerable size. The entrepreneur in turn is opportunistic, innovative, self-confident and acts proactive and decisive. He is highly self-motivated by his vision and is therefore willing to take even greater risks and can live with a high uncertainty. That is why the entrepreneur has a growth firm and is pursuing growth and personal wealth. Lastly the manager is administrating, or in other words managing, an entity that does not belong to him. His ‘purpose’ is to build up the organisation, by means that are similar to larger firms. (Burns, 2007) However there are some exceptions from that generalization: An owner-manager of course can have a growing business, while an entrepreneur could manage a business he owns together with a business associate and therefore has not complete control over the capital. (Burns, 2007) As Fraja (1996) suggests every firm can be assigned to either one of the following types: Either it is an entrepreneurial firm, where the owner-manager or entrepreneur is in exclusive control, organizes production, borrows funds and retains any residual returns from his work. Or it is a managerial firm, where the individual that has the right to residual returns remains outside the company and the individual that has the right of control is hired from the owner. Similarities and differences between a manager, a business owner and an entrepreneur By Henry Amm Modern approaches like ‘corporate entrepreneurship’ try to overcome those boundaries by incorporating advantages of entrepreneurship into common management. Companies try to facilitate diversification with internal development workshops. That makes activities necessary, in areas that are usually only loosely related to the current ‘domain’ of competence of the company. That is to engage innovation like you have it with a start-up company, but within an established organization. (Burgelmann, 1983) Conclusion Exceptions prove the rule; mangers, owners and entrepreneurs can be distinguished not only by their character traits but they are also more likely to lead an organization that is typical for their respective role. Modern organizations try to incorporate selected features of entrepreneurship to be more competitive. It seems like those terms still are about to change, or maybe always will need adaption to our contemporary view onto management, ownership and entrepreneurship.

Biology :: Biology

Biology is the science of living systems. It is inherently interdisciplinary, requiring knowledge of the physical sciences and mathematics, although specialities may be oriented toward a group of organisms or a level of organization. BOTANY is concerned with plant life, ZOOLOGY with animal life, algology with ALGAE, MYCOLOGY with fungi, MICROBIOLOGY with microorganisms such as protozoa and bacteria, CYTOLOGY with CELLS, and so on. All biological specialties, however, are concerned with life and its characteristics. These characteristics include cellular organization, METABOLISM, response to stimuli, development and growth, and reproduction. Furthermore, the information needed to control the expression of such characteristics is contained within each organism. FUNDAMENTAL DISCIPLINES Life is divided into many levels of organization--atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, and populations. The basic disciplines of biology may study life at one or more of these levels. Taxonomy attempts to arrange organisms in natural groups based on common features. It is concerned with the identification, naming, and classification of organisms. The seven major taxonomic categories, or taxa, used in classification are kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Early systems used only two kingdoms, plant and animal, whereas most modern systems use five: MONERA (BACTERIA and BLUE-GREEN ALGAE), PROTISTA (PROTOZOA and the other ALGAE), FUNGI, PLANT, and ANIMAL. The discipline of ECOLOGY is concerned with the interrelationships of organisms, both among themselves and between them and their environment. Studies of the energy flow through communities of organisms and of the environment (the ecosystem approach) are especially valuable in assessing the effects of human activities. An ecologist must be knowledgeable in other disciplines of biology. Organisms respond to stimuli from other organisms and from the environment; behaviorists are concerned with these responses. Most of them study animals--as individuals, groups, or entire species--in describing ANIMAL BEHAVIOR patterns. These patterns include ANIMAL MIGRATION, courtship and mating, social organization, TERRITORIALITY, INSTINCT, and learning. When humans are included, biology overlaps with psychology and sociology. Growth and orientation responses of plants can also be studied in the discipline of behavior, although they are traditionally considered as belonging under development and PHYSIOLOGY, respectively. Descriptive and comparative EMBRYOLOGY are the classic areas of DEVELOPMENT studies, although postembryological development, particularly the aging process, is also examined. The biochemical and biophysical mechanisms that control normal development are of particular interest when they are related to birth defects, cancer, and other abnormalities. Inheritance of physical and biochemical characteristics, and the variations that appear from generation to generation, are the general subjects of GENETICS. The emphasis may be on improving domestic plants and animals through controlled breeding, or it may be on the more fundamental questions of molecular and cellular mechanisms of HEREDITY. A branch of biology growing in importance since the 1940s, molecular biology essentially developed out of genetics and biochemistry. It seeks to explain biological events by studying the molecules within

Hybrid Marketing Channels in the Service Sector

EXCUTIVE SUMMARY Being famous brand in food and beverage manufacturing industry, Universal Robina Corporation Vietnam (URC Vietnam), a subsidiary company directly under International Robina Corporation has got significant success since it started business in Vietnam in 2004. URC Vietnam joins the market with four main product catergories: Snacks, Biscuits, Candies, and Beverages. Considered as a strategic product of URC Vietnam, C2 is now known as one of the leaders in green tea market, a popular name with many Vietnamese people in spite of the fact that when it was launched to market, 0 Degree from Tan Hiep Phat Corporation had already been sold and attracted a large number of consumers. Always, URC strongly aim is to provide its customers with the best products. They build up quality policies on purpose of making everything in line with the company’s mission. Being a part of URC International, URC Vietnam also indicates its ability. Facing with the great competitiveness in beverage market, URC Vietnam has implemented a plenty of suitable measures to overcome their fierce competitors. Assessing Vietnam as greatly profitable market for alcoholic and soft drink commodities, there are more and more investors jumping into this market. It is obvious that C2 has to compete with many strong companies in both sides: indirect and direct opponents. Among them, 0 Degree and Lipton Pure Green are rated as the two big competitors who are fighting with C2 for gaining market share in green tea manufacturing field. Customer element is all the time the focus of any business, including this market. In detail, the Vietnamese have tradition of drinking tea; green tea can remove people from tiredness also; that why C2 are preferred a lot especially in summer. C2’s users are primarily students and officials in urban area; they highly appreciate brand differences. C2 operation is at the growth stage with significant increase in sales figure through the year and is the second leading position in the so attractive healthier green tea segment. C2 can be so successful like that because they have employed an effective 4ps marketing-mix: product (diversified flavors, prestigious supplier and good-looking package), price (4000 VND/ bottle 360ml), placement (urban areas, strong distribution channel), promotion (advertising in various media means) C2 has its own strengths and weaknesses; from that, URC Vietnam can make a positive progress in its performance. Studying opportunities and threats is an essential work that company should do as well, so that they can make appropriate and timely strategies to further develop their business. . INTRODUCTION â€Å"Universal Robina Corporation is committed to bringing Filipino taste and culture worldwide, in line with JG Summit’s vision to make life better, not only for Filipinos, but for the rest of the world† That is what URC claims itself and reality has shown URC’s success. As one of the leaders in Food & Beverages market in Philippines, URC has expanded its busine ss in Singapore, Hongkong, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. URC Vietnam, which started the operation in Vietnam in late 2004, is the newest addition to URC International. URC invested 15 million dollar into Vietnam market, and located company in Vietnam- Singapore industrial zone. Typical products are Funbites, Cream-O, Magic, Dynamite Big Bang, Beverage C2,†¦ that are brand-promoted by Hollywood actor Johny Tri Nguyen, Mat Ngoc Girl Band, and Actress Nha Ky. URC Vietnam is the very first URC subsidiary outside the Philippines to successfully produce and market C2 Green Tea. C2 is now one of the two market leaders in Vietnam bottled green tea field and its manufacturing is being expanded to meet highly demanding market. 2. COMPANY ANALYSIS 2. 1. Mission statement The following statement was announced by international URC CEO: â€Å"Our leading brands offer customers the best in enjoyment, quality, value and convenience†. To attain the mission, URC set up their quality policy. â€Å"The Universal Robina Corporation policy is to make consumers' lives more fun and enjoyable through convenient, quality and value for money branded food products. This will make URC the customer's first choice, a market leader in its major food brands and a key player in the Philippines and the Asian region. † Along with the vision of the parent company, URC Vietnam carried out the same line as international URC. URC Vietnam understands that to achieve the given mission, they have to make continuous improvement and training efforts through cost-effective strategies and fitting means to address the changing demands of the consumers. These efforts focus on the quality and freshness of products initiating from raw materials till they are provided to the customers. They endeavor to predict possible problems, provide preventive measures and correct non-conformities. Moreover, it is strongly emphasized that the quality of each URC product is the responsibility of every URC employee. 2. 2. Company objectives It was an outstanding year for URC Vietnam which saw sales surge from 6 million dollars in fiscal 2007 to 31 million dollar last year on the back of the unprecedented growth of the C2 brand. To date, C2 holds a leading market position in Vietnam (which has URC's first C2 plant outer the Philippines), and is now exported to Malaysia and Indonesia. Although in general international URC is suffering from the serious effects of the world financial crisis, it seems special to URC Vietnam case; C2 still continues to affirm its leading position in Vietnam market. At the present, C2 is mostly consumed in urban areas where the competitiveness is really noticeable. In the coming time, in order to remain the current growth, URC Vietnam should set the priority of providing Vietnamese consumers, both in urban and rural areas, with the high-quality goods and meeting their changing demands. 3. ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS 3. 1. Economic issues [pic] Figure 1: Monthly income per capita e Figure 2: Monthly total consumption expenditure per capita (Source: www. gso. gov. vn) As the result of the ever-increasing average per capital income, the living standards of all social strata continued to be improved. In the whole country, the monthly average expenditures in 2006, by current prices hit 511,000 VND, an increase of 28. 9% compared with 2004. The Vietnamese did not stop in essential products for life only; they had more choices when go shopping. There were great opportunities for companies in various fields of launching their business. As an attractive piece of the pie, beverage firms penetrated potential Vietnam market and gained enormous benefit. The difference in monthly income per capital between urban and rural area would lead to the difference in monthly consumption spending between those two regions. 3. 2. Demographic factors This entry provides the distribution of the population according to the age classification. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). 0-14 years: 25. 6% (male 11,418,642/female 10,598,184) 15-64 years: 68. 6% (male 29,341,216/female 29,777,696) 65 years and over: 5. 8% (male 1,925,609/female 3,055,212 (Source: CIA World Fact book, Dec, 18. 2008) The country with young populations (high percentage under age 15) is a flexible environment. Its residents seem to be easy to accept changes and the new things. Additional, their taste has the own features. Marketers need the information on the population so that they can position which is the target segment for their products. With the type of drink like C2, analyzing age structure is a necessary work URC have to carry out carefully; from that they can make a suitable strategy when doing business in Vietnam – big market with population of 86 million people Natural conditions Three quarters of Vietnam's territory consists of mountains and hills. Vietnam is located in both a tropical and a temperate zone. It is characterized by strong monsoon influences, but has a considerable amount of sun, a high rate of rainfall, and high humidity. These factors help Vietnam to be a place with many advantageous conditions to grow green tea tree; as a results, URC Vietnam is able to acquire a largely available supply of raw material, especially from Thai Nguyen province, the major supplier. Social concerns Drinking tea is Vietnamese’s long-standing cultural custom. It can be said that tea plays an important role in Vietnamese’s life. In modern society, people get acquainted with fast food and gas drinks but green tea is still the preferable drink many people choose. Moreover, due to the recent increasing trend of low-carb drink, people gradually change to take interest with the natural product. Green tea is produced in industrial scale and added more flavors, it becomes the favorite drink not only with the elders but also the young. 4. COMPETITOR ANALYSIS According to Vietnamnet, â€Å"Vietnam’s great thirst for alcoholic and soft drinks flags the local industry’s fizzing potential and the participation of big foreign investors. † Vietnam market becomes more and more attractive for investors from all over the world, especially in the alcoholic and soft drink fields. Therefore, Universal Robina Corporation (URC) with the product of sweeten green tea, C2, has to face with a great deal of fierce competition that not only encompass the competitors with the same product like 0 Degree, Lipton Pure Green, 100 Green Tea, Wonderfarm and other brands, but also involve those from other kinds of drinks such as beer, carbonated drinks, fruit juice, tonic water and milk. 4. 1. Indirect competitors Thanks to the fast economic growth rate and enormous potentiality of soft drink market, many giants of beer, alcohol and soft drinks industry has come o Vietnam such as Denmark’s Carlsberg and Heineken with beer, Pepsi and Coca-Cola with carbonated drinks, La Vie and Aquafina with tonic water†¦Vietnamese brands like Vinamilk, Tribeco, Hanoimilk has also built up a strong reputation. Hence, Vietnamese people can enjoy a very large variety of drinks but this is also the great threat of C2, especially the threat from Pepsi and Coca- Cola which hold 60% of s oft drink’s market share. 4. 2. Direct competitors In recent years, Vietnam soft drink market has been developing eventfully and the segment of green tea has made so obvious advances that any kind of other soft drinks can do. Vu Quoc Tuan, public relations manager at PepsiCo International Viet Nam, said that the bottled green tea market has grown 300 percent in 2007. â€Å"No drink has grown like that,† he added. Although at the moment there are many brands of sweeten green tea on the market, a lot of products are â€Å"dependent†. They just follow all the thing that create success of market leader’s product For this reason, in part of direct competitor analysis, the report only focuses on studying two major competitors with similar products as C2: 0 Degree and Lipton Pure Green. 4. 2. 1. 0 Degree Tan Hiep Phat Group (THP Group) is the first mover in this segment. After observing the lifestyle changes of greater mobility and the need of healthier beverages, they made tea, part of Vietnamese culture, a ready- to- drink in a very convenient PET bottle, which is heatproof and easy to use. THP invested US$20 million in production equipment from Canada to launch the popular 0 Degree brand. In early 2006, 0 Degree green tea bottle were sold on the local market with a large and effective advertising and promotion campaign (TV, newspaper ads, editorials, PR, sponsor†¦) and considerable distribution over the nation thanks to the foundation that Number 1 has built up. From 11/2006 to 11/2007, THP had the growth rate of 190% by this product, which made green tea became an extremely attractive market segment. First mover is the most significant competitive advantages of 0 Degree over C2, which came to the market a little bit later. However, C2 is considered more convenient than 0 Degree because of the bottle capacity. The 0 Degree net content is quite big for one person while the bottle of 360 ml C2 is much more suitable. 4. 2. 2. Lipton Pure Green Just enter the market in August, 2008, Lipton Pure Green expressed that it is one of the fiercest competitors of C2 with the exceedingly strong reputation of 2 giants: Lipton and Pepsi. Lipton Pure Green is made 100% from the best young tea leaves chose by the rule of â€Å"2 leaves and 1 bud† and it has Antioxidants (AOX), the substance that can naturally prevent people from getting old. However, Lipton Pure Green has only 2 flavors in comparison with 4 flavors of C2; moreover, the tastes of Lipton are not as flavorsome as 0 Degree and C2 by many customers. In addition, the price of this green tea is not one of its competitive advantages because its price is above C2 price and little below 0 Degree with inconsiderable difference in bottle capacity. Furthermore, Pepsi and Lipton are strong brand names that are affirmed but the break out of their marketing campaign and their advantage of powerful distribution seems not to work effectively. Many people are not aware of Lipton Pure Green, a green tea product Pepsi Co. after 8 months of launching. Additionally, as 0 Degree, their bottle capacity is not really convenient. According to statistical data, 450 ml bottle is still quite great for one person. [pic] Figure 3: Volume per one drink To see clearly how these three products positioned in the market, let’s look at the positioning map below: Figure 4: Positioning map 5. CUSTOMER ANALYSIS 5. 1. Behavior To identify and analyze market segments, behaviors variables should be the starting point. In this part of the situational analysis, the variables of purchase occasion, benefits sought and loyalty status are selected to illustrate another base of market segmentation, the behavioral. In summer, the demand for soft drink that is tasty and healthy, especially the one that contains substance- hypothermia, like green tea, increases sharply. URC identifies these typical occasions as a major point for market segmentation. C2 products are made from green tea that can help people feel comfortable even in the hottest days of that most unpleasant time in year with four fruit tastes that can make people more cheery. While looking for a nourishing beverage, C2 appeals to the segment of consumers wanting to have a â€Å"Cool & Clean† product that make from green tea, a traditional remedy for good health. C2 can bring â€Å"cool† feelings and â€Å"clean† drink to customers by verified quality and delicious taste. In the case of sweeten green tea market; the differences among brands are not extremely significant. Sometimes, if the store does not have any more bottled green tea of the brand that customer want, he/she will easily convert to another brand that is available in that store. It may clearly illustrate the customers’ loyalty to C2 products. Hence, C2 concentrates on those who are interested in two or three brands or on those whose purchasing decision is favorite one brand but sometimes trying others. . 2. Demographic Bottled green tea is a product that is utilizable for many people even they are young or old, men or women, married or single. Therefore, in demographic segmentation URC Vietnam just groups their product by nationality and occupation. C2 targets to customers in the nation that have the traditional culture of drink green tea, a typical example -Vietnam, to develop a product which actually familiar with the users. The person who acknowledges of how marvelously good green tea is will be more ready to purchase a bottle of C2 than person who does know nothing about it. As indicated by the statistical data of the company, here is the occupation variable of C2: [pic] Figure 4: Occupation variable of C2 As a result, the advertising of C2 focuses on the young who are both students and staffs with colorful and cheerful ads on TV, newspapers and magazines. 5. 3. Geographic Do not have the competitive advantage of strong distribution channel as 0 Degree, C2 practices geographic segmentation by emphasizing on urban areas which enjoy higher living standard, higher income, and higher density of population, and are easier to approach its marketing campaign. . 4. Type of buying decision behavior Customer decision making varies with type of buying process. To determine which decision type of customer that C2 goes for, there are two factors that URC has to consider: involvement and differences between brands. Sweeten green tea belongs to the product category that has low customer involvement but significant perceived brand differences, variety- seeking buying be havior. Customers often do a lot of brand switching. When they buy a bottle of green tea, they choose a brand without much evaluation, and then evaluate it during consumption. The next time when they buy this kind of product again they will pick another brand in order to look for something different. To become the market leader, C2 should have the marketing strategy that differentiates it from other brands and try to promote habitual buying behavior by dominating shelf space, keeping shelves fully stocked and running frequent reminder advertisings. 6. BRAND ANALYSIS 1. Brand’s current performance 6. 1. 1. Portfolio analysis – BCG matrix BCG matrix, also known as relative growth and market share matrix, was built at the end of the 1960s by Boston Consulting Group, an American trategy consulting company. The real purpose of this matrix is to evaluate the company’s ability to make profit by analyzing its portfolio and put them in four components of the matrix (star, question mark, dog and cash cow) as following graphs: [pic] Based on the studying of the products’ growth rate and market share, the companies are able to establish and develop timely strategies. In C2’s case, they are now placed at Star level with a high market share and rapid growing in the sweeten green tea market. Specifically, in 2007, this ready – to- drink green tea’s growth rate was about 7% equivalently to total sales revenue of 6 million dollars and increased considerably 17%, which brings the company with 31 million dollar revenues in 2008. C2 is currently ranked the second who performs well in the so attractive healthier beverage market- the green tea segment. 6. 1. 2. Product life cycle After taking the Philippines by storm, URC started launching C2 green tea with various flavors in Vietnam in 2007. The company has reached a significant achievement up to now, and become one of the most popular ready-to-drink green tea beverages for sale in that country. Their sales grew slowly as the products were firstly brought into the market, however. At that time, because of the so strong influence of 0 degree brand and also of the company’s weak distribution channel, customers did not pay much attention to and highly assess C2 products. Only when URC Vietnam made some major changes in its promotion and distribution channel, the company experienced a so impressive sales figure, three million bottles sold out in six months. From that time on, C2 operation is positioning at the growth stage with rapid increase in sales through the years. In detail, according to the overview report of TNS Vietnam Consumer Trends Q4/08, that C2 products stood at the sixth position in the 10 fastest growing brands preferred by Vietnamese consumers in 2007, while they kept on doing business successfully in 2008 with the forth position in that selection. Moreover, it is obvious to see that C2 will continue holding higher market share, especially in this coming 2009 summer. . 2. 4Ps- Marketing mix Revenue from C2 products accounted for around one- half of total URC Vietnam‘s profit in 2008. One of the major factors contributing to the company such an incredible success is thanks to marketing strategy based on 4Ps. 6. 2. 1. Product URC Vietnam offer diversified tastes of healthier beverage under C2 brand name. That C2 drink can be divided into four main flavors: lemon, peach, apple and forest fruits green tea among them t he first one is the most preferable to customers. Thai Nguyen tea, a very well-known and favorite Vietnamese brand, is chosen to be the major material utilized to produce such fresh green tea bottles. In addition, each C2 product is packaged in PET type which brings in a number of benefits for the customers. For instance, it has ability to keep the original taste of the natural green tea without any preservatives and artificial color. Furthermore, producers can economically take full advantages of the space in tea bottle’s package for their products’ advertising. Until now, there have been two styles of C2 tea launched on the market, the 360ml and the 1000ml bottles, which will make the users even more convenient. 6. 2. 2. Price According to URC’s research report about customers’ response (posted below), nearly two-third of those who were conveyed agreed that the reasonable price for each 500ml green tea bottle should range from 5,500 to 6,500 VND. Seeing that important factor, the company has established reasonable price using market-penetration pricing corresponding to customers expectation. It is suggested that producers can set a low initial price to penetrate the market quickly and deeply in order to attract a larger number of buyers in short time (Philip Kotler, Principle of Marketing, page 355). Typically, each 360 ml C2 green tea product costs customers from 3,500 to 4,500VND, which is approximately 5,700VND for one 500 ml bottle. In comparison with 6,000 and 7,000 VND for Pure Green tea 450 ml and 0 degree 500 ml, respectively, URC’s products are more favorable, which creates a competitive advantage over their competitors. [pic] Figure 5: Consumers’ opinion of price 6. 2. 3. Placement When first launching in Vietnam, URC did not pay adequate attention to develop or expand its distribution channel, which leaded to an unexpectedly low sale. To deal with that problem, the company has strived so much with the aim at building a strong distribution system. The most important change the company made to improve this ineffective system was to influence on marketing push. They persuaded the retailers or outlets to purchase products by providing so attractive promotion as well as added supports. For instances, URC Vietnam would offer 10 to 15 % discount if those outlets accepted to display C2 products on their shops. Moreover, the company allowed a number of professional sales person and marketing staffs to work with those stores to support and supervise these areas whenever necessary. Thanks to such hard effort, till the present C2 products have been allocated widely in almost all of supermarkets, convenience stores, discount stores, retailers, distribution outlets and so on. In detail, URC Vietnam sells nearly a half of C2 volume through big supermarkets such as Citimart, Big C, Co. pMart, MaxiMart, Vinatex and the like. However, that ready- to- drink tea products has just allocated mostly on cities and urban areas. At the moment, when the summer is gradually coming, URC must take actions to establish a stronger distribution system to make their products more available on the market in order to satisfy a very high demand of Vietnamese customers. 6. 2. 4. Promotion Apart fr om placement, unlike the case of THP Corporation which has spent a huge amount of money on advertising, URC just save their capital invest on other fields rather than such costly activities. For instance, after failing to transfer message to consumers in the first two trials in Vietnam, the company decided to redeem themselves with new advertising to revitalize C2. They created new TVC – Television Commercial, with the participant of Johnny Tri Nguyen, a very cool, good looking, a wushu expert and stunt man, which later was voted among the top 10 â€Å" Most favorite TVCs† by Vietnamese televiewers. Those activities just costed only a half in comparison with the promotion campaign beforehand. That successful results obviously illustrate that â€Å"good advertisings need not be expensive—it must be creative and effective† as URC consultant, Willy Arcilla said. At the moment, not only to be advertised on TV but C2 products also are promoted on newspaper and internet; for example, gia dinh & tiep thi, www. kienthucngaynay. vn. , etc. 7. SWOT ANALYSIS SWOT, the analysis refers to the strategic method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of each company. It is considered to be a crucial tool for auditing the overall strategic position of a business and its environment. SWOT of C2 bottled green tea are summarized as below. 7. 1. Strengths C2’s positive outcomes have been in part due to a number of factors. First of all, one important key contributing to such high sales revenue of the company is because of reliable tea supply. As mentioned in the marketing mix- 4Ps, strong point-of-difference- C2 brews tea leaves grown in the northern highlands of â€Å"Thai Nguyen,† renowned as the source of the best tea in Vietnam. Furthermore, each C2 bottle encompasses the natural flavor extracted from green tea (23%) and also citric acid, an essential element which helps people lose weight effectively. Likewise, C2 products are perfectly brewed and bottled at the same day, still keep totally clean and fresh tea taste. This benefit makes the tea users feel safer and firmly reliable when consuming the product. An additional feature that builds C2 brand popularity is its competitively-lower price in comparison with other brands in the same market. Before making final purchasing decision, people often carefully take price into consideration besides some important criteria such as products’ quality, brand, benefit and features. By impressively influencing on that consumer’s psychology, C2 has got the initial success in catching the attention of potential customers. 7. 2. Weaknesses Although URC Vietnam has made many acquisitions with a large number of retailers or distribution outlets, these stores are located mainly in cities or municipal areas such as Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh, Hai Phong, Da Nang and so on. Whereas, in the local or rural regions, the volume of C2 consumed seems to be much lower than that of 100 tea or 0 degree green tea. Thus, C2 should invest more money on their distribution channel, not only tighten current contracts but also expand new relationships with new local stores. The company can offer retail shops benefits with high premium or build its own retailers initiatively throughout the country. This action will has positive effects on making condition for the company to approach their potential customers more. By narrowing down the potential customers segment on its initial advertising is thought to be one more weakness that URC Vietnam should pay attention to. Specifically, the advertising with the attendance of Johnny Tri Nguyen persuaded consumers who habitually prefer carbonated beverage to convert to green tea products. That message implicated that C2 itself restricted the targeted clients to those who usually consume soft drink. Instead, the company could orient its products to the mineral or pure bottled water and the other beverage market rather than carbonated drink. For that reason, URC Vietnam had better make some new meaningful advertising to draw the attention of higher level of customers. . 3. Opportunities The recent scientific research of England Hospital of Pediatrics has marked out 10 most significant advantages of using tea on people health, among which the best five benefits are utilized to produce new sweeten green tea bottles such as antipyretic ability, decrease in death due to heart diseases (from 28 to 44%) and prevention of being old as well as cancer possibility. Seeing so many advantages of using green tea, Vietn amese people tend to choose tea as their daily preferable product. Through conveying heir opinions, producers have developed and launched new products to meet their essential need (The result is posted as the table below). Most of people believe that employing green tea products will help them have antipyretic ability, reduce the possibility of cancer and purify the body. This rapid change in Customer Behavior creates a valuable chance for the company to keep on producing ready- to- drink tea. [pic] Figure 6: Tea’s Effects In addition, the summer, hottest period in the year, is upcoming. Consequently, people’ drinking demand will increase dramatically the following time. Catching this thirsty need, beverage manufacture should prepare very strong marketing plans (may be in terms of marketing mix) to further satisfy their customers. Particularly, up to now, green tea drink has a quite strong position in customers’ drink options. As a result, C2 should make use of this valuable opportunity to widespread or quickly expand its market in this period. At the end of 2008, there was a quite serious recession occurred in Vietnam economy which affected negatively on Vietnamese lives and reduced their consumption need. However, the quantity demanded for foods and beverage was slow down much less heavily than other sectors, less than 25% (according to the report of TNS). This means that demand for foods and the like can not be replaced in human being life. Hence, it also generates big chances for any company in that industry, including C2. [pic] Figure 7: Consumers’ reaction in the recession Last but not least, C2 products are currently utilized to be the promotion of a number of companies to offer to their customers. For example, whenever customers buy one product of Mobil1 Racing, they will be given one cold C2 bottled green tea. This indirect promotion makes a good condition for URC Vietnam to increasingly raise its sale figures. 7. 4. Threats There are many external forces that have a direct impact on the company’s performance. Currently, C2 has to face up with a very fierce competition in the beverage market, which composes of both carbonated and healthier drinks (indirect and direct competitors). In the same market, there exist many powerful competitors such as 0 degree, Pure Green and 100 in which 0 degree of THP is occupying the largest market share now. Although C2 has been positioned quite strongly in Vietnamese consumers’ drink option, that THP’s product has the advantages of being the first mover in the sweeten green tea segment. Lately, THP has introduced new product, Dr. Thanh herbal tea, which has been consumed with a very fast sales since the first days launching. Hence, it is considered to be one of the biggest competitors in that market. Besides, among a lot of indirect competitors, Coca Cola and Pepsi, the heaviest and strongest ones that account for 60% beverage field in Vietnam, also take a lot of C2’s concerning. . CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS In all, according to the findings above, it can be said that C2 continues maintaining its high position in Vietnam bottled green tea market with outstanding attainment while it also has to share this market with other strong competitors like 0 degree or Lipton Pure Green. Holding a number of internal strengths greatly contributes to C2 such an incredible suc cess whose outstanding example is its appropriate marketing strategies- market penetration pricing. However, URC Vietnam should make some changes in order for a stronger distribution system. They can build up new relationship with the local outlets rapidly by employing marketing push and pull also. In addition, good news from outside has created a lot of valuable chances to boost C2’s development. Especially, URC Vietnam can make the best use of the approaching of special occasion – the summer time to expand its market share as well as consumer’s brand awareness. Nevertheless, the recent appearance of Dr Thanh, a new comer in the healthier beverage market, creates a fiercer competition in that so attractive segment. Therefore, C2 needs to establish better preparation to get a win in that competitive battle. From the study above, some suggestions for improving C2’s performance are introduced. To begin with, advertising is always a very useful way to inform publicly and fully the information about the products and their services. In spite of the fact that C2 has made several qualified advertising, the televiewers are somehow not really pleased with those advertisings’ message. Then, it is proposed that URC Vietnam should concentrate on improving their advertising‘s quality; for example more meaningful ones which transfer expected information to the customers. To compete with the enlarger development of Dr Thanh, the company had better invest money on Research and Development department so that they can produce further diversification in flavor such as strawberry or mix ones. Available on market at the moment there are mainly four tastes among which only the lemon green tea are being consumed with rapid sales. With the variety of healthier drinks sold on the market, the consumers may be confused of which products should be used; for that reason, the company needs to provide differentiated products to gain the competitive advantage over their competitors. 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Philip Kotler, Steward Adam, Linden Brown and Gary Armstrong (2002), Chapter 10: Pricing considerations and approaches, Pearson- Prentice Hall, p. p 355,356. ———————– Extreme convenience Bad promotion campaign Good promotion campaign Extreme inconvenience C2 0 Degree Lipton Pure Green